Electrolitos innovadores para el desarrollo de baterías de ion litio modernas

Abstract

The growth of cities and population has increased international concern for the development of devices to facilitate the path towards energy transition. From the point of view of decarbonization, the development of electric mobility is one of the most promising paths, for which the development of energy storage devices with high gravimetric and volumetric density (light and small) is essential. In this sense, the development of lithium-ion based batteries has become one of the most relevant energy storage devices in the last decades. These types of batteries have been classified according to the nature of their electrodes as lithium-ion, lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air batteries. Where capacity and voltage are intrinsic properties of the chemical nature of the materials used for the development of the electrodes “anodes and cathodes” and the combination of them, respectively. On the other hand, the current density in batteries depends largely on the rate of transport of lithium ions across the different faces and interfaces of the battery. Therefore, the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes and binders as well as their compatibility with the rest of the cell components are a determining factor in the overall electrochemical performance of these devices. The main characteristics of the electrolytes and binders are presented here.