HONGOS Y BACTERIAS PARA LA RESTAURACIÓN DE SITIOS CONTAMINADOS CON PETRÓLEO

Ana Cecilia  Alcala Hernandez; Benjamín Abraham  Ayíl Gutiérrez; José Alberto  López Santillán; Benigno Estrada Drouaillet; Diana Laura  Peraza Liñan; Wilberth Alfredo  Poot Poot

Ana Cecilia Alcala Hernandez Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
Benjamín Abraham Ayíl Gutiérrez CONACYT, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
José Alberto López Santillán Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
Benigno Estrada Drouaillet Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
Diana Laura Peraza Liñan Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
Wilberth Alfredo Poot Poot Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas

Keywords: bioremediation, hydrocarbons, microorganisms, oil contamination

Abstract

Oil is the most widely used fuel source in the world and is composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons, substances formed primarily by carbon and hydrogen. Despite its importance as an energy resource, its handling poses a significant environmental risk. In Mexico, during 2023, Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) reported 1,211 leak and spill events, representing a 3.8% increase compared to 2022, with the Gulf of Mexico being one of the most affected regions. These incidents can severely disrupt ecosystems by damaging flora, fauna, and the quality of water and soil. To mitigate these impacts, physical, chemical, and biological environmental restoration methods have been developed. Among them, bioremediation stands out because it uses microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, capable of naturally degrading hydrocarbons. Although this alternative is more environmentally friendly, it still faces challenges related to its efficiency and the time required for its application.

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References

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